The different papers in this book discuss a range of issues, with a common focus, namely the role of academic institutions and societies in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development (SD). The crucial challenge is how to achieve these goals. To this end, this book attempts to demonstrate clearly such challenges and outline possible solutions and recommendations. This book critically examines those factors, frameworks and paradigms that would enable universities and institutions of higher education to contribute more fully in achieving the MDGs and SD.