The objective of this introductory chapter is to outline key factors that are influencing and influenced by the business environment in the MENA region. These key factors such as economy, infrastructure, development, education, technology, etc. are essential for achieving business excellence and competitiveness in the region. The performance of the different countries in the region will be assessed against each other and the rest of the world using different international indicators and measurements. However, it is important to note that understanding the nature of problems, challenges and opportunities in the region is a very difficult task for many people outside its territories.